Working With Higher Harmonics Using Generic Lock-Ins

To work with higher harmonics, the only change needed to the set-up discussed in Set Up the Generic Lock-In Interface is the choice of a different, usually higher, harmonic:

Select Amplitude2 and Phase2 Data Types for Channel 1 and Channel 2.

If you want to observe the nth harmonic, choose a Drive FrequencyFrequency of the signal used to oscillate a tip in TappingMode. less than

It may be necessary to work near the contact resonance in order to obtain a good signal-to-noise ratio, especially when working with higher harmonics C. Harnagea, A. Pignolet, M. Alexe and D. Hesse, “Higher-Order Electromechanical Response of Thin Films by Contact Resonance Piezoresponse Force Microscopy,” IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 53, No. 12, Dec. 2006, pp. 2309-2322.1. See PFM Near Contact Resonance for operational details.

Reference Piezoresponse Nanolithography with NanoMan V Software for the use of NanoMan-V software for nanolithography on PZT thin films.

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